Warning note – A warning note is issued whenever a non-compliance is identified. The note may explain the nature of the non-compliance and the objective of the enforcement action, the sanctions, which will be applied if the enforcement action is violated, and any criminal consequences which may follow from violation.

Waste – All that can not be used any more by the producer of by the holder and are discarded or discharged to the environment.

Waste disposal – 1) waste disposal is the process of their moving off to the places for their final deposition or recycling. The usual method of the wastes disposal is their transportation to the landfill site or their incineration; 2) considered in complex the processes of arranging, processing, usage, liquidation or burial of wastes.

Waste gas – gas-air mixtures, which have passed certain technological processes and contain redundant amount of pollutants and heat.

Waste minimization – Measures or techniques that reduce the amount of wastes generated during the industrial and technological processes.

Waste recovery – Waste recovery is the extraction from a waste of some components which have a value for their reuse..

Waste recycling – Usually, the term ‘recycling of wastes’ is referred to utilization of wastes of one producer by an enterprise of the other. Recycling implies separation and treatment of wastes which is generally realized at the specialized enterprises as well as by creation of a network of exchange of secondary materials among enterprises of different industries.

Waste reuse – The use of a waste material for the second time in a technological process (often after some treatment or making-up) is called a waste reuse. Reuse is intended to perform some simple operations on collection of materials and putting them back into the production and consumption processes instead of disposing them. Almost the same principle lies in a basic concept of the waste recycling.

Waste utilization – deriving of the basic product with usage of wastes as a second-use raw material.

Waste water treatment facilities – special engineering constructions intended for a gradual treatment of sewage from pollutants.

Waste waters – waters used for domestic or industrial purposes and obtained the additional admixtures hereat changing an initial chemical composition or physical characteristics; waste is also called the waters flowing off territory of the inhabited areas, industrial and agricultural plants as a result of a deposition of precipitation, irrigation of lands or watering streets; there are distinguished three general categories of waste waters: domestic (households keeping and fecal), industrial (from economic activity), natural (from melted snow and heavy showers (rains).

Waste waters municipal – sewage from the inhabited areas; at the presence of communal sewerage system they include domestic, industrial, thawed and rain waters.

Wasteless technologies (‘know-how’) – a complex of technological operations (works) eliminating emissions and discharges of pollutants in such volumes which result in deterioration of an environment (degradation of landscapes, decrease in nature-resource potential of the territory, worsening of the living conditions of the people, etc.). As a rule, W.k.h. do not require extra expenditures on protection or recovery of the environment.

Wastes – remains of raw-stuffs, materials, sub-standard and by-products, finished products, that were used and lost the primal consumer qualities, arranged in particular places by the applicable rules, with the further obligatory usage, waste-handling or liquidation, burial, depending on a source of formation.

Water artesian [named from Artua, French province] – waters deposited between waterproof strata and forming water-pressure underground basins. In event of over pressure, it can spontaneously pour out on a surface or gush.

Water balance [French balance – weights] – proportion for any period of time (year, month) of inflow and consumption of water for a river basin, lake, planet as a whole or other investigated unit.

Water consumption – usage of water for the needs of population, industry and agriculture with withdrawal of it from water objects. There are distinguished: revocable W.c. (with return of the collected water to a source) and irrevocable W.c. – with expenditure of it for vaporization, filtration, etc.

Water content in the river – an amount of water brought by the rivers for an applicable period (decade, month, year) in comparison with an average amount for a long-term period (norm).

Water drain [Latin canalis – tube, chute] – engineering systems for the organized drainage of domestic, industrial and storm sewage from sources of their formation. Before their discharging into the waste water storage, such sewer waters are subject to clearing and decontaminating at the waste water treatment facilities.

Water ecosystem – 1) ecosystem, in a biotope of which there is prevail water as a liquide (e.g., lake, pond, swamp); 2) It means use of water of any kind, in and outside the river, lake or aquifer.

Water habitat – a habitat where a biodiversity of marine or freshwater flora and fauna is developed throughout the year for long periods.

Water intake – The withdrawal of water from the natural source water or water reservoir. The volume of the intaken water, which is not returned to the site after the usage of water is called water consumption.

Water intake – withdrawal of water from a water reservoir or watercourse and a complex of waterworks for withdrawal, feeding and water intake in baffling devices for the purpose of its further transportation and usage.

Water lowering – man-made depression of the level of the ground waters.

Water permeability of grounds and rocks – capacity of grounds and rocks to skip water through the strata identified by the structure, mechanical composition and compactedness of the soil.

Water pool – a water object in recess of a land characterized by decelerated motion of water or its full absence; among them there are distinguished natural pools for natural accumulation of water in cavities (lakes, and in broad understanding, seas and oceans) and artificial pools specially created as accumulators of water in artificial or natural recesses of a surface (water storage reservoirs, ponds).

Water protection zone – In СIS: the territory bordering on a surface water body in which there exists a special regime of water use and protection of natural resources as well as of economic activities. A concept of “special regime” proposes the land-use limitations that is necessary to preserve a water body in proper condition. First of all, these limitations cover the use of dangerous substances, the location of pollution sources, etc. The width of the water protection zone depends on the size of a water body and can be found around water reservoirs, lakes, sea or major rivers. Water protection zones are not used to protect ground waters. The maximum width of the zone can be up to 500 m and it contains a shore protective strip with a stricter regime of the natural resources use.

Water storage – see Reservoir.

Water stress – A country is water-stressed if the available freshwater supply relative to water withdrawals acts as an important constraint on development. Withdrawals exceeding 20% of renewable water supply has been used as an indicator of water stress.

Water use – usage of water resources without withdrawal of waters from a reservoir (hydropower, water transport, fish economy, etc.).

Water withdrawal – Amount of water extracted from water bodies.

Water withdrawal building – hydraulic engineering unit for an intake of water to a culvert from a reservoir, waterway or ground water source.

Watercourse – water reservoir characterized by water flowing in a direction of inclination in a surface deepening; there are distinguished: constant watercourses (with water flowing the whole year round) and temporary (drying up or freezing through); natural (river, stream) and man-made (channel).

Water-protective forests – located in a water protection zone (along shores of pools) forests adjusting a hydrological regime of the rivers; promotes a reduction of erosion of grounds (specially in steppe and forest-steppe zones).

Waters drainage – surface or ground waters collected at drain.

Waters underground – waters located in rocks of the upper earth crust in the liquid, solid and vaporous states. Distinguished: free (gravitation, ground waters) and bound (hygroscopic, film, crystallizational); fresh, brackish, briny waters and underground brines.

Watershed – line dividing the drainage basins (catchment areas) of the adjacent rivers, reservoirs or accumulations of ground waters (underground W.). Distinguished: 1) major W. – between neighboring fluvial systems; 2) side W. – between adjacent inflows of the main river.

Waterspout – atmospheric eddy emerging in a thunderstorm cloud and diffusing on a surface. Looks like a pile, air in it is gyrated counterclockwise with velocity up to 100 m\s and is simultaneously hoisted on a helix, retracting from below dust, water and various subjects. W. brings large breaking downs.

Water-supply re-circulated – relatively intensive re-circulation of used water in work cycles or in a domestic water-supply networks after its treatment.